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2025 Fantastic 102-500: LPIC-1 Exam 102, Part 2 of 2, version 5.0 Latest Exam Discount

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Lpi LPIC-1 Exam 102, Part 2 of 2, version 5.0 Sample Questions (Q48-Q53):

NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following lines would you find in the file /etc/nsswitch.conf?

A. smtp 25/tcp
B. 192.168.168.4 dns-server
C. domain mycompany.com
D. hosts: files dns

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 49
Why is /etc/shadow not world readable if the passwords are stored in an encrypted fashion?

A. There is other information in the file that needs to be kept secret.
B. This is just for historical reasons.
C. The passwords can be decrypted by anyone with root access.
D. The encrypted passwords are still subject to brute force attacks.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The /etc/shadow file is not world readable because the encrypted passwords stored in it are still vulnerable to offline brute force attacks. A brute force attack is a method of trying every possible password until finding the correct one. With modern hardware and software, millions of passwords can be tried per second. If the
/etc/shadow file was world readable, anyone who logged in to the system, even as a guest, could copy the file and attempt to crack the passwords without leaving any trace. By making the file readable only by the root user, the system prevents unauthorized access to the password hashes and reduces the risk of password compromise. The other options are incorrect because they do not explain the reason for the file permissions.
Option B is false, as the /etc/shadow file was created to address the security issues of the /etc/passwd file, which used to store the passwords in a world readable file. Option C is partially true, as the /etc/shadow file does contain other information related to password expiration and account locking, but this is not the main reason for making the file not world readable. Option D is irrelevant, as the passwords cannot be decrypted by anyone, even with root access, as the encryption is one-way and irreversible. References:
https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/linux-tutorials/etc-shadow-file-in-linux-explained-with-examp
https://kerneltalks.com/user-management/understanding-etc-shadow-file/

NEW QUESTION # 50
In which file, if present, must all users be listed that are allowed to use the cron scheduling system? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

Answer:

Explanation:
/etc/cron.allow

NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following fields are available in both the global /etc/crontab file as well as in user-specific crontab files? (Select TWO correct answers)

A. Year
B. Username
C. Command
D. Minute

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
The crontab file format consists of six fields: minute, hour, day of month, month, day of week, and command. The user-specific crontab files have the same format as the global /etc/crontab file, except that they do not have the username field. The username field is only present in the system-wide crontab files and specifies which user will run the cron job. The year field is not a valid crontab field and is not supported by cron. Reference:
Scheduling Cron Jobs with Crontab | Linuxize
Crontab Explained in Linux [With Examples]

NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following are commonly used Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) applications? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

A. Postfix
B. SMTPd
C. Exim
D. Procmail
E. Sendmail

Answer: A,C,E

Explanation:
Postfix, Sendmail, and Exim are three of the most commonly used Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) applications on Linux systems. An MTA is a software that transfers and routes electronic mail messages from one computer to another using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). An MTA receives messages from another MTA or from a Mail User Agent (MUA), which is a computer application that end users use to access or send emails. An MTA can also query the MX records of the recipient's domain to find the destination mail server and forward the message accordingly. An MTA can also perform other functions such as filtering, encryption, authentication, and bounce handling.
Postfix is a cross-platform, popular MTA that was designed and developed by Wietse Zweitze Venema for his mail server while working at the IBM research department. It was primarily developed as an alternative to well-known and popular Sendmail MTA. Postfix runs on Linux, Mac OSX, Solaris, and several other Unix-like operating systems. It borrows a lot of Sendmail properties on the outside, but it has a totally and comprehensively distinct internal operation. Additionally, it bids to be fast in performance with easy configurations and secure operation mechanism1.
Sendmail, now known as Proofpoint (after Proofpoint, Inc acquired Sendmail, Inc), is by far the most popular and one of the oldest MTA on the Linux server platform. Sendmail has a lot of limitations though, in comparison to modern MTAs. Because of its complicated configuration steps and demands, and weak security mechanisms, many new MTAs have come up as alternatives to Sendmail, but importantly, it offers everything to do with mail on a network1.
Exim is a free MTA developed for Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, Mac OSX, Solaris, and many more. Exim offers a great level of flexibility in routing mail on a network, with outstanding mechanisms and facilities for incoming mail monitoring. Its notable features include among others: no support for POP and IMAP protocols, supports protocols such as RFC 2821 SMTP and RFC 2033 LMTP email message transport, configurations include access control lists, content scanning, encryption, routing controls among others1.
Procmail is not an MTA, but a mail processing utility that can be used to filter, sort, and deliver incoming mail. It can be invoked by an MTA or run as a standalone program. Procmail can process mail based on various criteria such as sender, subject, header, body, size, date, and more. It can also execute external programs, forward mail to another address, or write mail to a file.
SMTPd is not an MTA, but a generic name for a daemon (a background process) that implements the SMTP protocol. A daemon is a program that runs continuously and performs certain tasks at predefined times or in response to certain events. An SMTP daemon listens for incoming SMTP connections from other MTAs or MUAs and handles the mail transfer accordingly. SMTPd can also refer to a specific SMTP daemon that is part of the OpenSMTPD project, which is a free implementation of the SMTP protocol for Unix systems. Reference:
7 Best Mail Transfer Agents (MTA's) for Linux
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Explained | Mailtrap Blog
What is a Message Transfer Agent (MTA)? - Definition from Techopedia
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) - Glossary of Email Terms | Mailgun
[Procmail - Wikipedia]
[SMTP daemon - Wikipedia]

NEW QUESTION # 53
......

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