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Get Linux Foundation PCA Exam Questions For Greater Results [2026]

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Linux Foundation PCA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Alerting and Dashboarding: This section of the exam assesses the competencies of Cloud Operations Engineers and focuses on monitoring visualization and alert management. It covers dashboarding basics, alerting rules configuration, and the use of Alertmanager to handle notifications. Candidates also learn the core principles of when, what, and why to trigger alerts, ensuring they can create reliable monitoring dashboards and proactive alerting systems to maintain system stability.

Topic 2

PromQL: This section of the exam measures the skills of Monitoring Specialists and focuses on Prometheus Query Language (PromQL) concepts. It covers data selection, calculating rates and derivatives, and performing aggregations across time and dimensions. Candidates also study the use of binary operators, histograms, and timestamp metrics to analyze monitoring data effectively, ensuring accurate interpretation of system performance and trends.

Topic 3

Observability Concepts: This section of the exam measures the skills of Site Reliability Engineers and covers the essential principles of observability used in modern systems. It focuses on understanding metrics, logs, and tracing mechanisms such as spans, as well as the difference between push and pull data collection methods. Candidates also learn about service discovery processes and the fundamentals of defining and maintaining SLOs, SLAs, and SLIs to monitor performance and reliability.

Topic 4

Instrumentation and Exporters: This domain evaluates the abilities of Software Engineers and addresses the methods for integrating Prometheus into applications. It includes the use of client libraries, the process of instrumenting code, and the proper structuring and naming of metrics. The section also introduces exporters that allow Prometheus to collect metrics from various systems, ensuring efficient and standardized monitoring implementation.

Topic 5

Prometheus Fundamentals: This domain evaluates the knowledge of DevOps Engineers and emphasizes the core architecture and components of Prometheus. It includes topics such as configuration and scraping techniques, limitations of the Prometheus system, data models and labels, and the exposition format used for data collection. The section ensures a solid grasp of how Prometheus functions as a monitoring and alerting toolkit within distributed environments.

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Linux Foundation Prometheus Certified Associate Exam Sample Questions (Q14-Q19):

NEW QUESTION # 14
What Prometheus component would you use if targets are running behind a Firewall/NAT?

A. Pull Gateway
B. PushProx
C. Pull Proxy
D. HA Proxy

Answer: B

Explanation:
When Prometheus targets are behind firewalls or NAT and cannot be reached directly by the Prometheus server's pull mechanism, the recommended component to use is PushProx.
PushProx works by reversing the usual pull model. It consists of a PushProx Proxy (accessible by Prometheus) and PushProx Clients (running alongside the targets). The clients establish outbound connections to the proxy, which allows Prometheus to "pull" metrics indirectly. This approach bypasses network restrictions without compromising the Prometheus data model.
Unlike the Pushgateway (which is used for short-lived batch jobs, not network-isolated targets), PushProx maintains the Prometheus "pull" semantics while accommodating environments where direct scraping is impossible.
Reference:
Verified from Prometheus documentation and official PushProx design notes - Monitoring Behind NAT/Firewall, PushProx Overview, and Architecture and Usage Scenarios sections.

NEW QUESTION # 15
What is the maximum number of Alertmanagers that can be added to a Prometheus instance?

A. 0
B. More than 3
C. 1
D. 2

Answer: B

Explanation:
Prometheus supports integration with multiple Alertmanager instances for redundancy and high availability. The alerting section of the Prometheus configuration file (prometheus.yml) allows specifying a list of Alertmanager targets, enabling Prometheus to send alerts to several Alertmanager nodes simultaneously.
There is no hard-coded limit on the number of Alertmanagers that can be added. The typical best practice is to run a minimum of three Alertmanagers in a clustered setup to achieve fault tolerance and ensure reliable alert delivery, but Prometheus can be configured with more than three if desired.
Each Alertmanager node in the cluster communicates state information (active, silenced, inhibited alerts) with its peers to maintain consistency.
Reference:
Verified from Prometheus documentation - Alertmanager Integration, High Availability Setup, and Prometheus Configuration - alerting Section.

NEW QUESTION # 16
How can you send metrics from your Prometheus setup to a remote system, e.g., for long-term storage?

A. With "federation"
B. With S3 Buckets
C. With "scraping"
D. With "remote write"

Answer: D

Explanation:
Prometheus provides a feature called Remote Write to transmit scraped and processed metrics to an external system for long-term storage, aggregation, or advanced analytics. When configured, Prometheus continuously pushes time series data to the remote endpoint defined in the remote_write section of the configuration file.
This mechanism is often used to integrate with long-term data storage backends such as Cortex, Thanos, Mimir, or InfluxDB, enabling durable retention and global query capabilities beyond Prometheus's local time series database limits.
In contrast, "scraping" refers to data collection from targets, while "federation" allows hierarchical Prometheus setups (pulling metrics from other Prometheus instances) but does not serve as long-term storage. Using "S3 Buckets" directly is also unsupported in native Prometheus configurations.
Reference:
Extracted and verified from Prometheus documentation - Remote Write/Read APIs and Long-Term Storage Integrations sections.

NEW QUESTION # 17
Which function would you use to calculate the 95th percentile latency from histogram data?

A. percentile(http_request_duration_seconds, 0.95)
B. quantile_over_time(0.95, http_request_duration_seconds[5m])
C. topk(0.95, http_request_duration_seconds)
D. histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le))

Answer: D

Explanation:
To calculate a percentile (e.g., 95th percentile) from histogram data in Prometheus, the correct function is histogram_quantile(). It estimates quantiles based on cumulative bucket counts.
Example:
histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le)) This computes the 95th percentile request duration across all observed instances over the last 5 minutes.

NEW QUESTION # 18
What is the role of the Pushgateway in Prometheus?

A. To scrape short-lived targets directly.
B. To receive metrics pushed by short-lived batch jobs for later scraping by Prometheus.
C. To store metrics long-term for historical analysis.
D. To visualize metrics in Grafana.

Answer: B

Explanation:
The Pushgateway is a Prometheus component used to handle short-lived batch jobs that cannot be scraped directly. These jobs push their metrics to the Pushgateway, which then exposes them for Prometheus to scrape.
This ensures metrics persist beyond the job's lifetime. However, it's not designed for continuously running services, as metrics in the Pushgateway remain static until replaced.

NEW QUESTION # 19
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Keith Bell Keith Bell

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