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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q51-Q56):

NEW QUESTION # 51
An 'EICAR' file can be used to?

A. Test the encryption algorithms
B. Test the response of an antivirus program

Answer: B

Explanation:
The EICAR test file is a standardized tool in security testing, designed for a specific purpose.
Why A is correct: The EICAR file (a 68-byte string) triggers antivirus detection without harm, testing response capabilities. CNSP recommends it for AV validation.
Why B is incorrect: It has no role in testing encryption; it's solely for AV functionality.

NEW QUESTION # 52
What user account is required to create a Golden Ticket in Active Directory?

A. Service account
B. Local User account
C. Domain User account
D. KRBTGT account

Answer: D

Explanation:
A Golden Ticket is a forged Kerberos Ticket-Granting Ticket (TGT) in Active Directory (AD), granting an attacker unrestricted access to domain resources by impersonating any user (e.g., with Domain Admin privileges). Kerberos, per RFC 4120, relies on the KRBTGT account-a built-in service account on every domain controller-to encrypt and sign TGTs. To forge a Golden Ticket, an attacker needs:
The KRBTGT password hash (NTLM or Kerberos key), typically extracted from a domain controller's memory using tools like Mimikatz.
Additional domain details (e.g., SID, domain name).
Process:
Compromise a domain controller (e.g., via privilege escalation).
Extract the KRBTGT hash (e.g., lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt).
Forge a TGT with arbitrary privileges using the hash (e.g., Mimikatz's kerberos::golden command).
The KRBTGT account itself isn't "used" to create the ticket; its hash is the key ingredient. Unlike legitimate TGTs issued by the KDC, a Golden Ticket bypasses authentication checks, persisting until the KRBTGT password is reset (a rare event in most environments). CNSP likely highlights this as a high-severity AD attack vector.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Local User account: Local accounts are machine-specific, lack domain privileges, and can't access the KRBTGT hash stored on domain controllers.
B . Domain User account: A standard user has no inherent access to domain controller credentials or the KRBTGT hash without escalation.
C . Service account: While service accounts may have elevated privileges, they don't automatically provide the KRBTGT hash unless compromised to domain admin level-still insufficient without targeting KRBTGT specifically.
Real-World Context: The 2014 Sony Pictures hack leveraged Golden Tickets, emphasizing the need for KRBTGT hash rotation post-breach (a complex remediation step).

NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following protocols is not vulnerable to address spoofing attacks if implemented correctly?

A. UDP
B. IP
C. TCP
D. ARP

Answer: C

Explanation:
Address spoofing fakes a source address (e.g., IP, MAC) to impersonate or amplify attacks. Analyzing protocol resilience:
C . TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):
Mechanism: Three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) verifies both endpoints.
Client SYN (Seq=X), Server SYN-ACK (Seq=Y, Ack=X+1), Client ACK (Ack=Y+1).
Spoofing Resistance: Spoofer must predict the server's sequence number (randomized in modern stacks) and receive SYN-ACK, impractical without session hijacking or MITM.
Correct Implementation: RFC 793-compliant, with anti-spoofing (e.g., Linux tcp_syncookies).
A . UDP:
Connectionless (RFC 768), no handshake. Spoofed packets (e.g., source IP 1.2.3.4) are accepted if port is open, enabling reflection attacks (e.g., DNS amplification).
B . ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):
No authentication (RFC 826). Spoofed ARP replies (e.g., fake MAC for gateway IP) poison caches, enabling MITM (e.g., arpspoof).
D . IP:
No inherent validation at Layer 3 (RFC 791). Spoofed source IPs pass unless filtered (e.g., ingress filtering, RFC 2827).
Security Implications: TCP's handshake makes spoofing harder, though not impossible (e.g., blind spoofing with sequence prediction, mitigated since BSD 4.4). CNSP likely contrasts this with UDP/IP's vulnerabilities in DDoS contexts.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B, D: Lack handshake or authentication, inherently spoofable.
Real-World Context: TCP spoofing was viable pre-1990s (e.g., Mitnick attack); modern randomization thwarts it.

NEW QUESTION # 54
You are performing a security audit on a company's infrastructure and have discovered that the domain name system (DNS) server is vulnerable to a DNS cache poisoning attack. What is the primary security risk?

A. The primary risk is that an attacker could redirect traffic to a malicious website and steal sensitive information.
B. The primary risk is that an attacker could manipulate the cache of the web server or proxy server to return incorrect content for a specific URL or web page.

Answer: A

Explanation:
DNS cache poisoning, also known as DNS spoofing, involves an attacker injecting false DNS records into a resolver's cache, altering how domain names resolve.
Why A is correct: The primary risk is that an attacker can redirect users to malicious websites (e.g., phishing or malware sites) by poisoning the DNS cache with fake IP addresses. This can lead to credential theft, data exfiltration, or malware distribution. CNSP identifies this as the core threat of DNS cache poisoning, aligning with real-world attack vectors.
Why other option is incorrect:
B . Manipulate the cache of the web server or proxy server: This describes web cache poisoning, a different attack targeting HTTP caches, not DNS servers. DNS cache poisoning affects DNS resolution, not web or proxy server caches directly.

NEW QUESTION # 55
What ports can be queried to perform a DNS zone transfer?

A. 53/UDP
B. None of the above
C. Both 1 and 2
D. 53/TCP

Answer: D

Explanation:
A DNS zone transfer involves replicating the DNS zone data (e.g., all records for a domain) from a primary to a secondary DNS server, requiring a reliable transport mechanism.
Why A is correct: DNS zone transfers use TCP port 53 because TCP ensures reliable, ordered delivery of data, which is critical for transferring large zone files. CNSP notes that TCP is the standard protocol for zone transfers (e.g., AXFR requests), as specified in RFC 5936.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . 53/UDP: UDP port 53 is used for standard DNS queries and responses due to its speed and lower overhead, but it is not suitable for zone transfers, which require reliability over speed.
C . Both 1 and 2: This is incorrect because zone transfers are exclusively TCP-based, not UDP-based.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as 53/TCP is the correct port for DNS zone transfers.

NEW QUESTION # 56
......

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Alan King Alan King

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